This ethnographic study focuses on post-conflict rehabilitation in Pakistan’s Swat valley, addressing deradicalization, rehabilitation and reintegration in the context of militancy and counter-militancy. It provides a theoretical framework for rehabilitation, emphasizing disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) and introduces the concepts of controlled environment, controlled society, and controlled rehabilitation within Swat’s unique context. The book categorizes the drivers of militancy, revealing distinctions from conventional perspectives. It also assesses the challenges of reintegrating ex-combatants and explores the compatibility of restorative justice (RJ) with Pashtunwali, the traditional Pashtun legal system. The book is useful for researchers focusing Pashtun region, post-conflict interventionists, and peace and conflict scholars, this book offers valuable insights into the intricacies of this critical region’s rehabilitation and counter-militancy efforts.

• Ethnographic Focus: Provides an in-depth ethnographic study of post-conflict rehabilitation in Pakistan’s Swat Valley, exploring deradicalization, rehabilitation, and reintegration in the context of militancy and counter-militancy.
• Theoretical Framework for Rehabilitation: Introduces a structured approach to rehabilitation, focusing on disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR), tailored to the unique conditions of Swat.
• Concepts of Controlled Environment and Society: Explores the concepts of controlled environment, controlled society, and controlled rehabilitation, examining how these principles apply within the socio-political context of the Swat Valley.